Shubayqa 1

Shubayqa 1

Jordan · Mafraq

SettlementIntermittent excavation
Approximate period12,650 BCE — 9,650 BCENatufian; approximate conversion from calibrated dates before present See on the map ↓

In brief

The Natufian settlement in the Black Desert is known for its stone structures and well-preserved food remains. Bread-like fragments approximately 14,400 years old demonstrate complex food preparation techniques practiced before agriculture.

What was found?

  • 1Charred bread-like fragments

    Food remains resembling flatbread prepared 14,400 years ago were found in hearths. The examined fragments show that wild cereals were processed by grinding, sieving, and kneading.

  • 2Stone-paved structures

    Stone paving and upright wall stones have survived in partially sunken structures. These document the building practices of Natufian hunter-gatherers.

  • 3Stone-lined hearths

    Cooking hearths were found inside the structures. The preservation of food remains in the hearths allowed food preparation processes to be studied in place.

  • 4Grinding stones and mortars

    Grinding stones, handstones, and stone mortars were recovered at the settlement. These tools illustrate the equipment used to process plant foods.

  • 5Plant remains and waterbird bones

    Charred wetland plants and numerous waterbird remains were found. According to researchers, a permanent or semi-permanent wetland once existed in the surrounding area.

What does it point to?

Şubeyka 1 shows that hunter-gatherers prepared labor-intensive foods before agriculture began. The structures, grinding tools, and environmental remains allow diet and settlement choices to be studied together.

What did it teach us?

  1. It showed that bread-like foods were prepared at least 4,000 years before agriculture.
  2. It documented that knowledge of grinding, sieving, and kneading cereals existed before farming.
  3. According to researchers, it challenged the model that Natufian culture originated and spread solely within the Mediterranean woodland zone.

Record

Culture
Natufian
Team / historical
Tobias Richter; Kopenhag Üniversitesi ve Ürdün Eski Eserler Dairesi
Coordinates
32.4064°, 37.2281°

Sources

  1. humanities.ku.dk
  2. biblicalarchaeology.org
  3. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  4. PNAS — Ekmek kalıntılarının arkeobotanik incelemesi

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