Shubayqa 1
Shubayqa 1
Jordan · Mafraq
In brief
The Natufian settlement in the Black Desert is known for its stone structures and well-preserved food remains. Bread-like fragments approximately 14,400 years old demonstrate complex food preparation techniques practiced before agriculture.
What was found?
- 1Charred bread-like fragments
Food remains resembling flatbread prepared 14,400 years ago were found in hearths. The examined fragments show that wild cereals were processed by grinding, sieving, and kneading.
- 2Stone-paved structures
Stone paving and upright wall stones have survived in partially sunken structures. These document the building practices of Natufian hunter-gatherers.
- 3Stone-lined hearths
Cooking hearths were found inside the structures. The preservation of food remains in the hearths allowed food preparation processes to be studied in place.
- 4Grinding stones and mortars
Grinding stones, handstones, and stone mortars were recovered at the settlement. These tools illustrate the equipment used to process plant foods.
- 5Plant remains and waterbird bones
Charred wetland plants and numerous waterbird remains were found. According to researchers, a permanent or semi-permanent wetland once existed in the surrounding area.
What does it point to?
Şubeyka 1 shows that hunter-gatherers prepared labor-intensive foods before agriculture began. The structures, grinding tools, and environmental remains allow diet and settlement choices to be studied together.
What did it teach us?
- It showed that bread-like foods were prepared at least 4,000 years before agriculture.
- It documented that knowledge of grinding, sieving, and kneading cereals existed before farming.
- According to researchers, it challenged the model that Natufian culture originated and spread solely within the Mediterranean woodland zone.
Record
- Culture
- Natufian
- Team / historical
- Tobias Richter; Kopenhag Üniversitesi ve Ürdün Eski Eserler Dairesi
- Coordinates
- 32.4064°, 37.2281°
Sources
- humanities.ku.dk
- biblicalarchaeology.org
- pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- PNAS — Ekmek kalıntılarının arkeobotanik incelemesi
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- Umm al-Jimal 81 km
- Jerash / Gerasa 126 km
- Ain Ghazal 127 km
- Pella 151 km
- Tel Hazor 170 km
- Tel Dan 175 km
- —
- —
- 12.000
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