Tyre

صور

Lebanon · South Lebanon

Ancient cityIntermittent excavationUNESCO · 1984
Approximate period2,750 BCE — 1,300 CEFrom approximately the 3rd millennium BC; Phoenician, Roman, Byzantine and medieval phases See on the map ↓

In brief

Tyre was one of the major centers of Phoenician maritime trade. The archaeological remains extend across the former island settlement and the mainland El-Bass area; the given coordinate is in the El-Bass archaeological area.

What was found?

  • 1Roman temple complex

    The columns at the entrance to the rectangular building and its raised platform were uncovered. According to the researchers, the temple was built in the Early Roman period and substantially altered in the Late Roman period.

  • 2Relief of İsis and the child Horus

    An Egyptian relief depicting İsis nursing the child Horus was found in a building near the temple interpreted as a sacred space. It documents the use of religious imagery of Egyptian origin in the city.

  • 3El-Bass necropolis

    The cemetery extending along both sides of the monumental road lies in the main entrance area of the ancient city. It allows the burial grounds and transport layout of Sur to be studied together.

  • 4Roman hippodrome

    The hippodrome, dated to the 2nd century AD, is among the largest examples in the Roman world. It reveals the monumental space set aside for public spectacles in the city.

  • 5Greek and Phoenician inscriptions

    The inscriptions found in the area investigated on the acropolis were assessed alongside the architectural remains. According to the researchers, they support the interpretation that the area had a sacred function.

What does it point to?

The remains of Sur show that the Phoenician city continued to contain monumental public and religious buildings in the Roman period. According to the researchers, the İsis relief and the sanctuary finds indicate that different religious traditions can be traced in the city.

What did it teach us?

  1. The dismantling of the Roman temple and the construction of a basilica over it showed that the same urban area was reorganized for different religious buildings.
  2. The necropolis, monumental road, aqueduct, and hippodrome documented the Roman city's complementary infrastructure and public spaces.
  3. The excavations revealed that, despite the historical importance of Sur, its urban fabric during the Bronze and Iron Ages remains known only to a limited extent.

Images

Tyre AlBass-Necropolis-PalestinianRefugeeCamp RomanDeckert21112019
RomanDeckert · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Roman Hippodrome 2, Tyre, Lebanon
Vyacheslav Argenberg · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
SubmergedEgyptianHarbour TyreSour Lebanon RomanDeckert04112019
RomanDeckert · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Latest news / selected archive

In 2021, excavations on the acropolis identified a Roman temple complex connected to a colonnaded street and a nearby small sacred building.

Record

Culture
Phoenicians, Romans, Byzantines and later societies
Team / historical
María Eugenia Aubet, Ali Badawi ve Francisco J. Núñez; Lübnan-İspanya-Polonya ortak misyonu
Coordinates
33.2692°, 35.1958°

Sources

  1. whc.unesco.org
  2. en.uw.edu.pl

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