Warratyi Rockshelter
Warratyi
Australia · South Australia, Flinders Ranges
In brief
The shelter in the Flinders Ranges provided important evidence for the early settlement of Australia's arid interior. Excavations documented stone and bone technology, pigment use and the remains of large animals.
What was found?
- 1Bone tool
Excavations revealed a worked, pointed bone tool. The find shows that early communities used bone as well as stone as a raw material for tools.
- 2Ochre and gypsum pigment
Red ochre and gypsum pigment were identified in different layers. Researchers consider them among the evidence for early pigment use and cultural innovations.
- 3Hafted and backed stone tools
The tool assemblage includes evidence of hafted implements and backed pieces with one edge deliberately retouched. These document techniques developed for different tasks.
- 4Remains of cooking fires
Remains of cooking fires were found in the shelter. The traces of fire show that this was a place used for everyday life.
- 5Large marsupial bone
A fragment of a forearm bone from a young animal, probably Diprotodon optatum, was found in the same layer as stone tools and ochre. The excavation project states that the fragment does not allow a definitive species identification and has no visible cut marks.
What does it point to?
Warratyi documents early occupation and various tool technologies in Australia's arid interior. The presence of animal bone and human activities in the same layer is significant; this association alone does not prove that the animal was hunted.
What did it teach us?
- It pushed back the occupation history of the arid interior beyond previous assessments.
- It revealed early examples of bone working, pigment use, and composite tool technologies.
- It provided an important stratified record for investigating relationships between humans and extinct large animals.
Record
- Culture
- Aboriginal communities in Adnyamathanha Country
- Team / historical
- Giles Hamm and Cliff Coulthard; Flinders University and Iga Warta Aboriginal Corporation
- Coordinates
- -30.5921°, 138.9592°
Sources
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- Cloggs Cave 1,144 km
- Madjedbebe Rock Shelter 2,106 km
- Juukan 2 Rockshelter 2,330 km
- Boodie Cave 2,598 km
- Kuk Early Agricultural Site 2,815 km
- Liang Bua Cave 3,117 km
- —
- —
- 12.000
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