Warratyi Rockshelter

Warratyi

Australia · South Australia, Flinders Ranges

CaveIntermittent excavation
Approximate period47,000 BCE — 8,000 BCELate Pleistocene–early Holocene; approximate dates See on the map ↓

In brief

The shelter in the Flinders Ranges provided important evidence for the early settlement of Australia's arid interior. Excavations documented stone and bone technology, pigment use and the remains of large animals.

What was found?

  • 1Bone tool

    Excavations revealed a worked, pointed bone tool. The find shows that early communities used bone as well as stone as a raw material for tools.

  • 2Ochre and gypsum pigment

    Red ochre and gypsum pigment were identified in different layers. Researchers consider them among the evidence for early pigment use and cultural innovations.

  • 3Hafted and backed stone tools

    The tool assemblage includes evidence of hafted implements and backed pieces with one edge deliberately retouched. These document techniques developed for different tasks.

  • 4Remains of cooking fires

    Remains of cooking fires were found in the shelter. The traces of fire show that this was a place used for everyday life.

  • 5Large marsupial bone

    A fragment of a forearm bone from a young animal, probably Diprotodon optatum, was found in the same layer as stone tools and ochre. The excavation project states that the fragment does not allow a definitive species identification and has no visible cut marks.

What does it point to?

Warratyi documents early occupation and various tool technologies in Australia's arid interior. The presence of animal bone and human activities in the same layer is significant; this association alone does not prove that the animal was hunted.

What did it teach us?

  1. It pushed back the occupation history of the arid interior beyond previous assessments.
  2. It revealed early examples of bone working, pigment use, and composite tool technologies.
  3. It provided an important stratified record for investigating relationships between humans and extinct large animals.

Record

Culture
Aboriginal communities in Adnyamathanha Country
Team / historical
Giles Hamm and Cliff Coulthard; Flinders University and Iga Warta Aboriginal Corporation
Coordinates
-30.5921°, 138.9592°

Sources

  1. warratyi.org
  2. ansto.gov.au
  3. en.wikipedia.org
  4. Nature
  5. Warratyi Kazı Projesi — Hayvan kalıntıları

Nearby excavations


—
—
12.000

From beneath the soil: latest discoveries

  • Possible ancient name of newly discovered Maya city in Mexico deciphered

    According to researchers, inscriptions at Minanbé indicate that the city's ancient name was Sakil and that it was ruled by a ruler named Suutz’. A connection with an inscription at neighboring Ocomtún also sheds light on conflicts between the two cities.

    HeritageDaily ↗
  • Around 100 stone hand axes found in Botswana's Kalahari Desert

    Research in the Okwa Valley uncovered around 100 hand axes belonging to the Acheulean tool tradition, along with stone fragments left over from their production. The finds, whose exact ages have yet to be determined, will help researchers understand how early humans used ancient lakeshores and made their tools.

    HeritageDaily ↗
  • 5th-century graves containing weapons, valuable jewelry and two horses found in France

    Excavations at Horbourg-Wihr uncovered 14 graves belonging to adults and children, along with two horse burials; finds include a sword, a shield, and gold and silver jewelry. According to researchers, the cemetery expands the limited evidence about communities in Alsace between the end of Roman rule and the beginning of the Merovingian period.

    HeritageDaily ↗
  • Staircase and original floor of Old Dongola cathedral uncovered in Sudan

    Sudanese and Polish archaeologists uncovered the monumental staircase, supporting walls and part of the original floor of the large cathedral at Old Dongola. The remains of another church found on the upper floor of an adjoining building also provide new information about the religious architecture of medieval Nubia.

    HeritageDaily ↗ · Excavation notebook
  • Roman settlement and jewelry workshop found during excavations ahead of housing construction in Wales

    Brooches, jewelry-making molds, pottery and coins were found at a settlement in Mancot dating back about 2,000 years. The lead molds used to make brooches provide evidence of Roman-period craft production in the area and possible trade links with nearby Chester.

    HeritageDaily ↗
  • Grave found in Greenland shows stone building remains were a church

    According to researchers, a human skeleton found within the remains of a stone-enclosed structure at Qinngua confirms that the site was used as a church and cemetery. Although the building's architecture suggests a date between 1100 and 1300, analyses are needed for precise dating; the discovery provides new evidence of the religious life of Norse settlers.

    HeritageDaily ↗
  • 1,800-year-old belt buckle decorated with colored enamel found in Ukraine

    A metal belt buckle found in Tsetsyn Forest was dated to the 2nd–3rd centuries AD based on its decoration and manufacturing features. Researchers say the find, which may have belonged to a Sarmatian mounted warrior, could help explain military and cultural relations along the Roman frontier; its owner's identity has not yet been confirmed.

    Arkeofili ↗
  • Chemical traces of cannabis use found in a 2,800-year-old tomb in Siberia

    Cannabis seeds from the Tunnug burial mound were dated to 800–760 BC; signals matching cannabis compounds were also detected in human hair. According to the researchers, the findings suggest that cannabis may have been used in funerary rituals for its psychoactive effects.

    Arkeofili ↗

    All excavation sites (455)

    Türkiye

    Federated States of Micronesia

    Belize

    Honduras

    North Macedonia

    Sri Lanka